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About Evaluation


Steps of Evaluation
  • Reaction Evaluation. This is getting data about how the participants are responding to a program as it takes place. These data can be obtained through end-of-meeting reaction forms, interviews or group discussions.
  • Learning Evaluation. This involves getting data about the principles, facts, and techniques which were acquired by the participants. This includes pretests and posttests, performance tests, and problem-solving excises to gauge knowledge. If attitude-learning is to be measured, tools such as attitudinal scales, role playing or other simulations, or critical-incident cases may yield helpful progress evaluation.
  • Behavior Evaluation. This requires data such as observers’ reports about actual changes in what the learner does after the education as compared with what he did before. Sources of this kind of data include productivity or time-and-motion studies, observation scales for use by supervisors, colleagues, and subordinates, self-rating scales, diaries, interview schedules, questionnaires, etc.
  • Results Evaluation. Some examples of this data are effects on turnover, costs, efficiency, frequency of accidents or grievances or tardiness or absences, quality control rejections, etc. The data are usually contained in the routine records of an organization.
Qualitative Evaluation
  • Finding out what is happening inside the social systems in which the learners are performing – and finding out what is happening in their way of thinking, feeling, and doing.

      It requires such methods as participant observation, in-depth interviews, case studies, diaries, and other ways of getting "human" data.

          -  Having qualitative data often helps discern what quantitative data are needed or desired. For instance, evaluation of
             the relationship of a change in practice to the quality of service provided helps to identify the specific measurement
             points within the practice or the service.
Knowles, Malcolm A. The Adult Learner: A Neglected Species. Houston: Gulf Publishing Company, 1990. pp. 137-139.
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